When it comes to writing photo captions, they should always include the five Ws and the H: who, what, where, when, why and how. Photojournalists try to answer these in their captions.
Captions can influence a reader's interpretation of a photo. According to
Photojournalism: The Professionals' Approach, "captions can modify and change the meaning of a photo." Photojournalists serve as an essential means of communication that channel the task. Words can lack the smashup of the visual message.
Sometimes readers decide whether they are going to read the entire article based on captions and photos. Poor captions are a definite fail.
As John Whiting said in his book
Photography is a Language, "A caption is a verbal finger pointing at the picture."
In your caption, also known as cutline, consider what is happening at the moment the photo is taken. This answers the
what question, and it should explain the action.
A person's name should lead the caption only when the person is famous. If you leave the name out, readers might mistaken them for someone else. Always remember to name the people from left to right.
Captions always tell readers when or where a picture was taken. Don't start the cutline with a time or place unless the fact is significant or unusual.
Some photographers claim that extensive captions will annoy a reader's interest. The caption should be the place to tell readers if it was posed or not.
Small details are unparalleled when creating a caption. Cutlines can focus on attention of different parts of a photo and indicate elements. Photos must supply a before and after. Black and white photos always cut out the color of a photo, which is important.
Associated Press caption writing is well-known and used in every photo. Make sure that your caption is short, sweet, and to the point. Complex sentences are not needed and unrelated facts are unwanted. Keep different facts separate and don't mix tenses. Avoid the obvious and keep it simple. Also, when making a caption for an old morgue photo, make sure to identify the photo as a "file photo".
Overall, captions are necessary and will give the reader the information they need for an article.